Educational psychology
Educational psychology involves the study of how people learn, including topics such as student outcomes, the instructional process, individual differences in learning, gifted learners and learning disabilities. Basically the Educational psychologists are concerned with a range of activities from initial design through development and evaluation of both materials and procedures for education and training. For example, an educational psychologist might study reading and develop a new technique for teaching reading from the results of the research.
This branch of psychology involves not just the learning process of early childhood and adolescence, but includes the social, emotional and cognitive processes that are involved in learning throughout the entire lifespan. An educational psychology career offers a variety of rewarding career paths. The field of educational psychology incorporates a number of other disciplines, including developmental psychology, abnormal psychology, experimental psychology, social psychology, counseling psychology etc.
Clinical Psychology:
This branch of psychology deals with the analysis and treatment of health disorders related to psychology. It deals with the clinical management of individuals with respect to their neural and psychological functioning. Clinical psychologists assess and treat people with psychological problems. They may act as therapists for people experiencing normal psychological crises or for individuals suffering from chronic psychiatric disorders. Some clinical psychologists are generalists who work with a wide variety of populations, while others work with specific groups like children, the elderly, or those with specific. They may be found in hospitals, community health centers, or private practice. In the other hand, Educational psychologist can be finding problem of children abnormal behavior, cause of abnormal behavior taken information from clinical psychology. Not only finding information educational psychologists often work directly in this field.
Experimental Psychologists:
Experimental psychology is an area of psychology that utilizes scientific methods to research the mind and behavior. This area of specialization includes a diverse group of psychologists who do research in the most basic areas of psychology e.g., learning, memory, attention, cognition, sensation, perception, motivation, and language. Sometimes their research is conducted with animals instead of humans. Most of these psychologists are faculty members at colleges and universities.
Educational psychologists work in a wide variety of settings including colleges, universities, research centers, government and private businesses. They use various methods of experimental psychology to performing research and publishing their findings in professional journals. Some of these professionals may focus on teaching experimental methods to students, while others conduct research on cognitive processes, animal behavior, neuroscience, personality and many other subject areas.
Basically experimental psychology is the important parts of psychology that have directly relation with educational psychology.
Social Psychology
It is important to understand how social psychology relates to educational psychology.
According to psychologist Gordon Allport, social psychology is a discipline that uses scientific methods "to understand and explain how the thought, feeling and behavior of individuals are influenced by the actual, imagined or implied presence of other human beings" (1985).
Social psychology looks at a wide range of social topics, including group behavior, social perception, leadership, nonverbal behavior, conformity, aggression and prejudice. It is important to note that social psychology is not just about looking at social influences. Social perception and social interaction are also vital to understanding social behavior. In others hand, social psychology employs scientific methods and the empirical study of social phenomena.
While personality psychology focuses on individual traits, characteristics and thoughts, social psychology is focused on situations. Social psychologists are interested in the impact that the social environment and group interactions have on attitudes and behaviors.
According to APA, Most experiments in social psychology are considered defective because the investigators, lacking social perspective, set up their problems within the culture of their own communities. So, educational psychologists can be finding problem of social behavior taken information from social psychology.
Developmental Psychology
This branch of psychology looks at development throughout the lifespan, from childhood to adulthood. The scientific study of human development seeks to understand and explain how and why people change throughout life. This includes all aspects of human growth, including physical, emotional, intellectual, social, perceptual and personality development. Topics studied in this field include everything from prenatal development to Alzheimer's disease.
Developmental Psychologists are concerned with growth and development from conception through death. All aspects of the animal or human organism may be studied. So, the developmental psychology is directly related with educational psychology.
Guidance and Counseling Psychology
Counseling psychology focuses on providing therapeutic treatments to clients who experience a wide variety of symptoms. It is also one of the largest specialty areas within psychology. The Society of Counseling Psychology describes the field as a psychological specialty that facilitates personal and interpersonal functioning across the life span with a focus on emotional, social, vocational, educational, health-related, developmental and organizational concerns. Many counseling psychologists provide psychotherapy services, but other career paths are also available. Research, teaching and vocational counseling are just a few of the possible alternatives to psychotherapy. No matter what the job setting, individuals who choose to enter into a career in counseling psychology utilize psychological theories to help people overcome problems and realize their full-potential.
Finally guidance and counseling psychology is the new parts of psychology that contain straight relation with educational psychology.
Cognitive Psychology:
This field of psychology analyzes the mental processes, which are responsible for behavior. It deals with the study of problem solving, information processing, memory and emotional abilities of human beings. This is not a specialized field in psychology but is definitely an important branch that interests many. Now Educational psychologists often work directly in this field.
Reference:
Brems, C., & Johnson, M. E. (1997). Comparison of recent graduates of clinical versus counseling psychology programs. Journal of Psychology, 131, 91-99.
Mayne, T. J., Norcross, J. C., & Sayette, M. A. (2000). Insider's guide to graduate programs in clinical and counseling psychology (2000-2001 ed). New York: Guilford.
Allport, G. W. (1985). The historical background of social psychology. In G. Lindzey, and E. Aronson, (Eds.), Handbook of Social Psychology, 1, (3), 1-46.
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