Formulation of Ethical Principles

History from Animals to the Insane & "Moronic'
Animal Research in the post war era had been influenced by the 1947 Nuremberg code to avoid atrocities carried out by the Nazis in the name of science.
Red Deer Alberta Canadian Psychologist John MacEacheran was instrumental in the "rubber stamping" of sterilization orders for "mental defectives" and "morons" in the name of human betterment.


Development of Guidelines
APA built from the Nuremberg guidelines, Americans developed a code of ethics for psychologists.
Planning Research
Responsibility
Compliance with Law and Standards
Institutional Approval
Informed Consent
Deception in Research
Sharing and Utilizing Data
Minimizing Invasiveness
Providing information
Honoring Commitments

CPA & Tri Council
Dunbar (1998) - Post WWII tried to develop 'professional ethics,' did not really work, . . . later in 1969 established a Joint Committee (of scientific and professional Affairs)
1975 Adopted the APA "Ten Principles" for the conduct of research with human subject with no revisions. Canadians soon realized that the social and cultural context of Canada was different, requiring different guidelines.
1987 - Canadian Code of Ethics for Psychologists was developed with a movement towards a "peaceful approach to the resolution of differences between psychologists and other groups concerning definitions of quality care and appropriate scientific conduct" (p. 183)