A Swiss biologist Jean Piaget with his collaborators has done the most outstanding work in the development of intellectual processes in the children; Intellectual primarily refers to knowing, reasoning, judging etc. It develops very rapidly in the early years of life.
Although cognitive development begins soon after, it is not so distinct at the time of birth. But as the child grows older, cognitive development becomes more and more distinct. A child's intelligence enables him to adapt to the world around him.
(i) Period of sensori motor activity
In this period infant exercises sensori motor capacities by sucking, handling or by manipulating objects in his environment. This period covers from birth to 2 years. He behaves as if objects that have disappeared from view have ceased to exist.
(ii) Pre-operational stage
This period lasts from 2 years to 7 years. The child begins to acquire vocabulary with which he represents objects and experiences. It is the preparatory period of concrete marked by Ego-centricism, Animism. Child can develop concepts of his own from direct experiences.
(iii) Concrete operational stage
In this period child understands principle of conservation and develops thinking logically and rationally to the problems which he faces. At this stage ego-centricism is diluted. Child campares and communicates with others and takes decision after thought.
(iv) Formal operations period
An adolescent can think analyze and reason beyond the realism of concrete experiences. The child form opinion about abstract concepts and develops ability of thinking and reasoning. Child is able to take his own decision.
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