Psychological Test
A test is a measurement device or technique used to quantify behavior or aid in the understanding and predication of behavior.
A psychological test is set of items designed to measure characteristics of human beings that pertain to behavior.
An item is a specific stimulus to which a person responds overtly, this response can be scored or evaluated items are the specific questions or problems that make up a test (Kaplan & Saccuzzo 2001).
Psychological tests can be defined as devices and techniques for the quantitative assessment of psychological attribute of an individual (Anstey, 1966).
A test is a standardized procedure for sampling behavior and describing it with categories or scores (Gregory, 1996)
A psychological test is an objectives and standardized measure of a sample of behavior (Anastasi & Urbina 1997).
Functions of psychological test
1. Detection of specific Behavior; Psychological test is used to measure and to detect the abilities of a person.
2. A psychological test is used to measure the individual differences such as ability and performance of person etc.
3. Diagnose and treatment planning of abnormal behavior.
4. Classification; encompasses a variety of procedures (placement, screening, certification and selection) that share a common purpose assigning a person to one category rather than another
5. Promoting Self Understanding; A psychological test provide standardized information about the abilities, capabilities, aptitudes, potential competencies interest, trait and states of a person which helps in understanding one's personality and planning future prospective.
6. Program (educational and social) evaluation;
7. Scientific Inquiry or Research; Some experts use tests for research purpose which provide information about the mental level and personality of the subject.
8. Military Selection; A closely related application of psychological testing is to be found in the selection and classification of military personal.
9. Industry;
In industry and business tests are helpful in selection and classifying personal for placement in jobs that range from the simpler semiskilled to the highly skilled, from the selection of filling clerks and sales-person to top management for any of these position, however test results are only one source of information , though an important one.
10. Education; Psychological tests especially those of general intelligence and of specific aptitudes have very extensive use in educational classification, selection and planning from the 1st grade (and sometimes earlier) through the university.
11. Mental Hospitals; In clinical or mental hospitals psychological tests are used primarily for individual diagnoses of factors associated with personal problems of learning, behavior attitudes or specific interpersonal relations.
Principle or Features of psychological test
• Quantitative Evolution: The quantitative evaluation refers to numerical assessment of attributes of an individual.
• Standardized Procedure: Standardization implies uniformity of procedure in administering and scoring the test.
• Behavior sampling: Neither the subject nor the examiner has sufficient time for truly comprehensive testing, even when the test is targeted to a well- defined and finite behavior domain. Thus, practical constraints dictate that a test is only a sample of behavior.
• Score of categories: Every test furnishes one or more scores or provides evidence that a person belong to one category and not another. Psychological testing sums up performance in numbers or classifications.
• Norm or Standards: An examinee’s test score is usually interpreted by comparing it with the score obtained by others on the same test. To this purpose, test developers typically provide norms-a summary of test results for a large and representative group of subject.
• Predication of Non-test Behavior: The tests have more interest in the non-test behaviors predicated by the test than in the responses.
• Objectivity: The administration, scoring and interpretation of score are objective insofar as they are independent of the subjective judgment of the particular examiner.
• Reliability: Reliability refers to the attribute of consistency in measurement. Test reliability is the consistency of scores obtained by the same persons when retested with the identical test or with an equivalent form of the test.
• Validity: The validity of a test concerns what the test measures and how well it does so.
• Applicability: Applicability of a test refers to it will not expensive, not time consuming, scoring in short time, easily movable and applicable.
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