A psychological test is an objective and standardized measure of a sample of behavior. In other word, psychological test can be defined as devices and technique for the quantitative assessment of psychological attributes of an in individuals.
There are 6 ways of classification of psychological test. Classification of psychological test according to-
1. Content
2. Purpose
3. Form
4. Time Limit
5. Situation
6. Uses of Language
Classification of psychological test according to Content
According to content there are two types of psychological tests-
1. Cognitive or ability tests
The test which measure products of mental ability is called cognitive or ability test.
2. Non cognitive or personality test
Tests that measure the trails, qualities or behaviors that determine people individually; this information helps predict future behavior. These tests are the instruments for the measurement of emotional, motivational, interpersonal and attitudinal characteristics.
Classification of psychological test according to Purpose
According to purpose, there are two types of psychological tests-
1. Selection tests; the test which are designed to select personnel as a special purpose are called selection tests.
2. Descriptive tests; the test which are designed to describe the personality of individuals are called descriptive tests. Descriptive tests are not related to any occupation or training program.
Classification of psychological test according to Form
According to form, there are two types of psychological tests-
1. Written tests; in written tests, individual answer the question by writing.
There are several types of written tests-
a. Inventive response
b. Multiple choice question
c. Matching
d. True-False
e. Fill in the Blanks
2. Oral or Practical tests; in oral tests, individual answer the questions orally, in practical tests, individuals show his/her ability or skill by direct practices.
Classification of psychological test according to Time Limit
According to time limit, there are two types of psychological tests-
1. Speed tests; A pure speed test is one in which individual differences depend entirely upon speed of performance.
Such a test is ordinarily constructed from items of uniformly low difficulty level, all of which are well within the ability of the subjects taking the test.
The time limit is then made so short that no one can finish all the items.
Under such conditions, each person’s score reflects only the speed with which he worked.
2. Power Tests; A pure test has a time limit long enough to permit everyone to attempt all items.
The difficulty of the items is steeply graded, and the test includes some items too difficult for anyone to solve, so that nobody can get a perfect score.
Classification of psychological test according to Situation
According to situation, there are two types of psychological tests-
1. Individual Test; an individual tests require a highly trained examiner and are designed primarily as clinical instruments for the intensive study of single cases. Individual tests enable the examiner to make valuable auxiliary observation regarding the subject’s work methods and other quantitative aspects of performance.
Individual tests also give the examiner a better opportunity to established rapport, obtain cooperation, and maintain the interest of the subject in the test.
For example; Stanford-Binet Intelligence test, Wechsler intelligence scale for children, Wechsler adult intelligence scale.
2. Group Test; A test can be administered to many examinees simultaneously. Group tests permit the mass testing characteristic of many contemporary testing programs. Group tests also insure more uniformity of procedure, since the role of the examiner is reduced and simplified.
Scoring can be made highly automatic. For example- Otis quick scoring intelligence test, Edward personal preference schedule, army alpha test etc.
Classification of psychological test according to Language
According to uses of language, there are two types of psychological tests-
Verbal or language tests; A test with verbal directions requiring oral or written word and/or number answers.
In this type of test, an examinee answers the questions with the help of language. For example, verbal scale of WISC & WAIS, Binet-Simon intelligence test, Otis intelligence test, differential aptitude test.
Non-Language tests; in the non-language test, no language is required, either written or spoken, in either instructions or the test items.
To be sure, language may be and often is employed in administering these tests, but alternative non-language procedures are available for special circumstances.
Others methods of classifying test
1. Non referenced & criterion referenced tests; In a norm-referenced test, the performance of each examinee is interpreted in reference to relevant standardization sample.
In a criterion referenced test, the objective is to determine where the examinee stands with respect to very tightly define educational objective.
The important distinction here is that, unlike norm-referenced test, criterion referenced tests can be meaningfully interpreted without reference to norms.
2. Standardized vs. Non-standardized tests; A standardized test is simply one that has fixed directions for administration and scoring, having been constructed by professional test makers and administered to a representative sample of examinees from the population for whom the test is intended.
Non standardized classroom test are usually constructed by a teacher in an informal manner for single administration.
3. Objective Vs Non-objective tests;
An objective test has fixed, objective scoring standards, and clerk can score it.
On the other hand, the scoring of essay test and certain types of personality tests is often quite subjective, and two scorers may obtain different results.
এতে সদস্যতা:
মন্তব্যগুলি পোস্ট করুন (Atom)
কোন মন্তব্য নেই:
একটি মন্তব্য পোস্ট করুন